Masonry Magazine August 1987 Page. 19
BIA Technical Notes
on Brick Construction
Brick Institute of America 11490 Commerce Park Drive, Reston, Virginia 22091
44
April
1986
ANCHOR BOLTS FOR BRICK MASONRY
Abstract: Anchor bolts are used extensively in brick masonry to make structural attachments and connections. To date, a limited amount of information has been available to aid designers in the selection and design of anchor bolts in brick masonry. This Technical Notes addresses the types of anchor bolts available, detailing of anchor bolt placement and suggested design procedures. A discussion of current and proposed codes and standards is also presented.
Key Words: anchors, bolts, conventional anchors (bent bar, plate, sleeve, wedge), edge distance, headed bolts, loads, proprietary anchors (adhesive, expansion), shear, tension, through bolts.
INTRODUCTION
Anchor bolts are used in masonry construction with few or no guidelines for the practicing designer to follow. This Technical Notes offers basic information covering 1) the types of anchor bolts available for structural applications in brick masonry, 2) typical details of proper anchor bolt installation, 3) suggested allowable anchor bolt design loads and 4) the current and proposed codes and standards governing anchor bolts in brick masonry construction.
In new masonry construction, anchor bolts are commonly embedded in walls and columns to support beams, plates and ledgers. In prefabricated panel construction, anchor bolts are used to facilitate connections to the structural frame. Renovation and rehabilitation of existing masonry structures usually require that anchor bolts be used to attach stair risers, elevator tracks and various frame assemblages for equipment installation. This is only a fraction of the possible uses of anchor bolts in masonry construction and with the increase of new, innovative architectural masonry designs, the uses of anchor bolts in masonry construction are likely to increase.
This Technical Notes is the first in a series on masonry anchors, fasteners and ties, and addresses anchor bolts for brick masonry. Other Technical Notes in this series will address brick masonry fasteners and ties.
ANCHOR BOLT TYPES
Anchor bolts can be divided into two major groups: conventional (unpatented) anchors and proprietary (patented) anchors. Conventional anchor bolts are usually embedded in the masonry during construction and require careful attention to bolt location and grip length requirements to avoid problems with connection alignment and erection. Proprietary anchors, however, are typically installed after completion of construction and therefore, permit a larger degree of freedom in anchor placement. For this reason, proprietary anchors are becoming popular in masonry construction and add new concerns in the area of anchor bolt design.
Conventional Anchor Bolts
Conventional bolts are usually made to the specific project requirements by steel fabricators or they may be purchased in standard sizes (diameters and lengths) from steel suppliers. The availability and cost of conventional bolts are generally based on demand and fabrication requirements. The types of conventional anchor bolts most often used are discussed below.
A) HEX-HEAD
B) SQUARE HEAD
Headed Bolts
FIG. 1