Masonry Magazine December 1989 Page. 31
TABLE 7
Maximum Permissible Range of Chippage¹
| ASTM Standard | Percent Allowed | Chippage in From Edge (in.) | Chippage in From Corner (in.) | Percent Allowed | Chippage in From Edge (in.) | Chippage in From Corner (in.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C 216 | C 652 | C 1088 | C 902 | | | | | | | |
| FBX | HBX | TBX | - | 95% to 100% | 0-1/8 | 0-1/4 | 5% or less | 1/8-1/4 | 1/4-3/8 |
| FBS | HBS | TBS | - | 90% to 100% | 0-1/4 | 0-3/8 | 10% or less | 1/4-5/16 | 3/8-1/2 |
| FBS | HBS | TBS | - | 85% to 100% | 0-5/16 | 0-1/2 | 15% or less | 5/16-7/16 | 1/2-3/4 |
| FBA | HBA, HBB | TBA | PA | | As Specified by the Purchaser | | | | |
| - | - | - | PS | 100% | 0-5/16 | 0-1/2 | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | PX | 100% | 0-1/4 | 0-3/8 | - | - | - |
¹There are no chippage requirements for C 62, C 126, or C 32.
Brick are generally classified as solid or hollow. A solid brick unit is defined as a unit whose net cross-sectional area in every plane parallel to the bearing surface is 75% or more of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. Thus, a solid brick unit has a maximum coring of 25%. A hollow brick unit is defined as a unit whose net cross-sectional area in every plane parallel to the bearing surface is less than 75% of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane. A hollow brick unit has a minimum coring of 25%, and a maximum coring of 60%. Holes in brick, referred to as cores, are used to aid in the manufacturing process and shipping of brick. The cores create more uniform drying and firing of the units, reduce the amount of fuel necessary to fire the units and reduce shipping costs by reducing weight. Additional advantages, such as aiding in mechanical bond in a wall, easier laying of the units, etc., may also result from brick manufactured.
TABLE 8
Requirements for Cores and Frogs¹
| ASTM Standard | Net Cross-Sectional Area | Cores | Frogs | Cells |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| | | a in., min. | A in², max. | b in., min. | c in., min. | E in², min. | e in., min. | f in., min. | g in., min. | h in., min. |
| C 62 | > 75% | 3/4 | - | 3/4 | 3/8 | - | - | - | - | - |
| C 216 | > 75% | 3/4 | - | 3/4 | 3/8 | - | - | - | - | - |
| C 652² H40V H60V³ | > 25%, < 40% > 40%, < 60% | 5/8 5/8 | 1-1/2 1-1/2 | 5/8 5/8 | 3/8 3/8 | 1-1/2 1-1/2 | 3/4 3/4 | 3/4 3/4 | 1/2 1/2 | - - |
| C 902 & C 1088 | No Requirements for Coring or Frogging |
| C 126⁴ | - | - | - | - | - | 1-1/2 | 3/4 | 3/4 | 1/2⁵ | 1/2 |
| C 32 | > 75% | 3/4 | - | 3/4 | 3/8 | - | - | - | - | - |
¹Deep frogs shall meet coring requirements of the applicable standard (see ASTM C 62, C 216, C 652)
²Additional coring requirements for cored-shell and double-shell hollow brick in ASTM C 652
³Based on 3" and 4" nominal width (For 6", 8", 10" and 12" widths see C 652)
⁴Additional requirements for cells in ASTM C 126
⁵See C 126 for web thickness in cored units