Standards compliance in the storm shelter and safe room industry

Words: Jonathan LamarWhether designed for residential or community use, storm shelters and safe rooms protect lives during hurricanes, tornados and other severe weather events. Although many U.S. manufacturers claim to provide storm shelters and safe rooms, the industry is surprisingly unregulated. How can developers and engineers know for certain which storm shelters and safe rooms will withstand the most severe weather and successfully protect the lives within?

The National Storm Shelter Association (NSSA) was founded in 2001 under the leadership of Dr. Ernst Kiesling, a research professor at the Texas Tech University Nation Wind Institute, to answer just this question. The first major undertaking of the NSSA was to develop an industry standard that formed the basis for the International Code Council’s (ICC) standard for storm shelters (ICC-500). Although the NSSA does not certify any shelter manufacturer or design, it does provide procedure and process to validate a manufacturer’s claim that its shelters are in compliance with the applicable standards.

The process for getting verification includes debris-impact testing and wind-pressure analysis or testing of the building components. The process also includes a third-party evaluation of the designs by professional engineers and architects that have been approved by the NSSA to ensure standards compliance. Only after these processes have been successfully completed can manufactures become Producer Members of the NSSA and affix a seal to their shelters. Fewer than 10 percent of all shelter manufacturers in the United States have achieved this voluntary process for NSSA membership.

Many manufacturers of storm shelters and storm shelter products claim to “meet or exceed” two defining documents. The ICC-500 and the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) 320/361 publications are almost always used by manufacturers to ensure the safety of their product. The FEMA P320 (residential) and P361 (community) documents are intended to provide guidance for engineers, architects and manufacturers. The publications include information for the design, materials, construction methods and operation of safe rooms. FEMA does not certify that any engineer, architect or manufacturer — or their products or services — are in compliance with its guidelines. Yet, many manufacturers do claim their products are “FEMA certified” or “FEMA approved.”

Certain criteria in these guidelines must be followed in order to qualify for FEMA safe room grants, but they are not regarded as standards, whereas the ICC-500/NSSA is a consensus standard. Indeed, some state and local jurisdictions in tornado- and hurricane-prone regions have mandated compliance with the ICC-500/NSSA standards. The 2015 International Building Code requires the addition of storm shelters complying with ICC-500/NSSA for certain geographic areas and building uses, such as for schools and police, fire and rescue stations.

With so many products on the market, it is important that consumers understand the claims and word usage by manufacturers such as “certified” or “approved.” The NSSA process shifts the majority of responsibility for standards compliance to the shelter manufacturer. The NSSA is a nonprofit, self-policing organization, and members are required to abide with the bylaws and code of ethics of the association and pledge to produce only those shelters that meet or exceed the standard.

This benefits developers and engineers, as well as the manufacturers, in a number of ways, including guidance for quality products, qualification for grants in certain regions, increased property values, and decreased liability. Choosing only those manufactures that have achieved NSSA membership status is the safest way for developers and engineers to assure that their choice of manufacturer is in compliance with standards.
Holding History Together: The Art of Lateral Restraint in Masonry Restoration
January 2026

The first thing you notice about an old masonry building isn’t always its beauty. Sometimes it’s the bow in a wall or the way time and the elements have tugged at the mortar joints. Every century-old structure carries its story in cracks, tilts, bows, and

Tiffany Tillema
Technical Talks
Read More
Stone Savvy: Helping Clients Choose Stone with Intent
January 2026

In today’s design environment, clients are surrounded by inspiration, endless images, samples, and styles that make choosing materials feel exciting and overwhelming all at once. Within that sea of options, stone carries weight. It defines first impressio

Sarah Lograsso
MAP Partner
Read More
MASONRY STRONG Podcast, Episode 36 Recap: Kim Spahn, CEO of the Concrete Masonry Checkoff
January 2026

On this episode of the MASONRY STRONG Podcast, Justin got to sit down for a conversation with Kim Spahn to talk about the Concrete Masonry Checkoff, how Kim first got involved in this industry, and much more.

Justin Stengel
The MASONRY STRONG Podcast
Read More
From Day One to Long-Term Success: Onboarding Strategies for Contractors
January 2026

The construction industry is facing one of its toughest challenges in decades. Companies are struggling to find enough skilled workers while competing to keep the ones they have. At the same time, projects are becoming more complex, deadlines are tighter,

Matt Dibara
Business Management
Read More