Energy Efficient Shelf Angles in Modern Construction

Words: Linda Potter

The conversation around energy efficiency in buildings is multifaceted, requiring a holistic approach to achieve high-performance building envelopes. One often overlooked component in this discussion is the role of shelf angles used in supporting masonry veneers in multi-story buildings. Traditional shelf angles pose several challenges to energy efficiency, prompting the need for innovative solutions like offset insulated shelf angle systems.

The Importance of Continuous Building Envelopes
 A continuous building envelope is crucial for separating indoor and outdoor environments, directly impacting a building's energy consumption. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, air leakage can account for up to 40% of heating costs and 15% of cooling costs in commercial buildings. Addressing penetrations and interruptions in the continuous insulation and air barrier is essential for improving energy efficiency.

Challenges with Traditional Shelf Angles
Traditional shelf angles, installed directly onto the building’s primary structure, create significant thermal bridges. As insulation thickness increases, the shelf angles must also grow, leading to more surface area in contact with the structure and increased thermal bridging. Research indicates that these thermal bridges can reduce the effective R-Value of the wall assembly by up to 40%.

Additionally, traditional shelf angles complicate the installation of air barriers. Typically installed before the air barrier, these angles require intricate detailing with tapes and sealants to maintain a continuous envelope, which can be challenging and often ineffective.

Innovative Solutions: Offset Insulated Shelf Angle Systems 
To address these issues, offset insulated shelf angle systems have been developed. These systems provide a gap between the shelf angle and the building structure, allowing continuous insulation and air barriers to fill the space, significantly reducing thermal loss. Offset insulated shelf angle systems come in two styles: Bracket Style and Fin Style.

Bracket Style:
* Consists of individual brackets connected to the primary structure.
* The support angle hooks onto these brackets, accommodating various insulation thicknesses and air cavity requirements.

Fin Style: (IMAGE fin.jpg)
* Features pre-assembled “fin” shaped brackets and support angles, customizable based on project specifications.
* Offers flexibility in design to meet specific thermal and structural needs.

Benefits Over Conventional Support Angles 
The traditional method of installing continuous relief angles directly onto the concrete floor slab creates permanent thermal bridges and limits adjustability during construction. In contrast, offset insulated shelf angle systems allow for detailed envelope enclosure before installation, ensuring a thermal break and reducing the steel footprint. These systems are typically installed by mason contractors, ensuring better alignment with construction tolerances and minimizing the need for adjustments.

Compliance with ASHRAE Insulation Requirements 
ASHRAE codes emphasize the need for continuous insulation across all structural members, a challenge with traditional relief angles. Offset insulated shelf angle systems match the depth of the insulation, placing the relief angle within the air cavity and preventing continuous contact with the concrete slab edge. This design approach eliminates significant thermal bridges and aligns with ASHRAE’s requirements for energy-efficient building envelopes.

Moisture Control and Waterproofing
 In addition to thermal benefits, offset insulated shelf angle systems enhance moisture control by pushing the relief angle into the air cavity. This placement reduces the need for extensive flashing and allows air vapor barriers to effectively manage moisture, preventing buildup along the primary structure.

Design, Engineering, and Manufacturing 
Some manufacturers of energy-efficient shelf angles offer offset insulated shelf angle systems that are designed, engineered, and manufactured to meet specific project requirements. Advanced manufacturing techniques are essential to ensure precision and high-quality components. Collaboration between design teams and engineering departments is also crucial to customize solutions that address both thermal performance and structural integrity.

Practical Installation and Handling 
An offset insulated shelf angle system that has been designed to meet specific project requirements can simplify the installation process, reducing the need for large staging areas and heavy lifting equipment. This efficiency minimizes on-site labor and logistical challenges, making the construction process more streamlined and cost-effective.

Conclusion 
The push for energy-efficient building practices highlights the need to address thermal bridges created by traditional shelf angles. The development and implementation of offset insulated shelf angle systems represent a significant advancement in building envelope design, offering substantial benefits in energy efficiency, moisture control, and overall building performance.

By integrating these innovative systems, the construction industry can improve the energy efficiency and sustainability of multi-story buildings, meeting both current and future demands for high-performance buildings. The shift to energy-efficient shelf angles is a crucial step toward achieving better thermal performance, compliance with modern building codes, and enhanced building longevity.

Energy Efficient Shelf Angles in Modern Construction

MASONRY STRONG Podcast, Episode 17 Recap: Gary Joyner, Joyner Masonry Works

HR Question of the Month: Arrest Record

Central Avenue Elementary School – A Modern Take on Historical American Masonry

New Technology in Masonry Classrooms