Masonry Magazine February 1985 Page. 35
Aesthetics.
A cosmetic appearance may be required from the finished anchoring system; or it may be concealed from view.
Anchorage sub-strata.
The proper anchor design will depend upon the type of material in which it is to be installed; for example, brick to block, panel to concrete, or brick to brick (see Figure 4). The sub-strata is also important when considering how to tie back veneer.
Loading descriptions.
Consider the amount of force (wind load and weight) the anchor will have to support, and the direction the loading will be applied (tension, compression, shear or bending). This important element involves the mechanical anchor's design. The method of expansion, activation, and the ultimate performance of the anchor is a function of the manufacturing material used and expansion element mechanics.
Contractor expertise.
Contractors installing these facade support systems must be familiar with standard anchoring techniques. Special installation instructions are required for these unique anchors, and no deviations or short cuts should be allowed on the job. Improper installation of anchors or installing fewer anchors than specified may result in eventual failure of the renovation project. Manufacturers should work closely with the installing contractors to answer questions and steer the project towards a successful completion.
Anchor material type.
If corrosive elements played a large part in failure of the initial facade anchorage, stainless steel or other corrosive fasteners should be investigated. Materials, such as stainless steel, have a direct impact on the unit price of the anchor and, therefore, on the budget considerations for the project.
Material to be reanchored.
Facade and building materials should be tested to see if they can take expansion stress, or whether stress should be isolated from the material. For example, marble, slate, brick or stone facades may require different anchoring techniques because of their ability to accept the stress of an expansion anchor.
Repair urgency.
Material acquisition and lead times should be considered when developing a repair calendar. Exotic materials and intricate anchor design may affect the project's overall completion date if supply is limited.
Extent of air gap.
A void space usually exists behind the facade. The width of the gap, and the variations of its plus and minus tolerances, must be considered when selecting the anchor length.
The selection of a mechanical anchoring system for facade renovation is not as simple as specifying an anchor from a catalog. The numerous variations in building materials and installation techniques dictate to a great extent that each application requires special consideration. Consult experts in the field of expansion anchoring systems to assure that the problem of facades which need resupporting to their existing structures be solved in the best way possible.
CSI and MCAA do not endorse this or any other products or brands.
Number of Homebuilding Workers Drops
Homebuilding receipts totaled $22.6 billion in 1982, according to a report from the 1982 Census of Construction Industries. General contractors were engaged primarily in the building of single-family houses and townhouses, and their receipts included new work, additions, alterations, remodeling, and repair. They paid out $7.6 billion for materials, components, supplies, and fuels and $6.3 billion to subcontractors. They employed 368, 675 workers, down 17 percent from 437, 681 in 1977, and their payroll was $4.1 billion.
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Who Needs Standards?
We All Do
We'd have to be acrobats to escape mishaps, if ladders tipped over easily, didn't hold our weight, or had other weaknesses. Ladder users don't need gymnastic talent these days because manufacturers have several American National Standards that help them design and produce sturdy, stable ladders that stand up to normal, everyday use.
MASONRY-JANUARY/FEBRUARY, 1985 35