Masonry Magazine February 1999 Page. 56
ing at 6'8" and 10'-8" above grade spaced 15 feet on centers when either Type M or S Portland Cement lime mortar is used. (See shaded portion of Table).
Figure 2 shows a typical wall bracing layout using pipe braces with Figure 3 showing typical details that would apply to this bracing scheme. The Appendix has similar figures for wood and cable bracing schemes.
Editors Note: Mario Catani is Chairman of the Council for Masonry Bracing
| Wall Height | | Mortar Type | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Type M/S | | Type N |
| | Height | Spacing | Height | Spacing |
| 8" | not required | not required | not required | not required |
| 16" pipe or cable | not required | not required | not required | not required |
| 16" wood br. | not required | not required | not required | not required |
| 24' pipe or cable | 16'-8" | 20' | 16'-0" | 20' |
| 24' wood br. | no good | no good | no good | no good |
| 32" pipe or cable | 16'-8", 24"-8" | 20' | 16'-0", 24'-0" | 20' |
Table 4. Reinforced CMU Wall Bracing Height/Spacing Summary for the Intermediate Period, ft.
Note: (1) Braces shall be installed prior to the intermediate period at the top of the completed wall or at the limited heights listed above. (2) Brace heights are based on the initial period allowable stresses as given in the Standard.
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LABOR Injury rate declines in U.S. workplaces
The rate of occupational injuries and illnesses declined for the fifth straight year in 1997, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported. Labor Secretary Alexis Her man called the numbers "good news to our nation's workforce." "Business and industry are booming," she said. "While numbers continue to go up, injury and illness rates continue to come down." The bureau reported a total of 6.1 million injuries and illnesses reported in private industry workplaces in 1997, or 7.1 cases per 100 full-time workers. Although the total number was about the same in 1996, work hours increased 3 percent, resulting in a decline in injuries and illnesses from 7.4 per 100 full-time workers. Of the 6.1 million incidents reported, 5.7 million resulted in either lost worktime, medical treatment, loss of consciousness or transfer to another job. The bureau said that the injury rates were higher for companies that employ 50 to 249 workers than they were for either larger or smaller organizations. Manufacturing accounted for three-fifths of the 430,000 new occupational illnesses reported.
52 MASONRY-JANUARY/FEBRUARY, 1999