Masonry Magazine November 2012 Page. 34
NATURAL STONE
Efflorescence is often the culprit. Efflorescence can occur when moisture picks up sulfates of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron or potassium from within the wall. This can cause the formation of a whitish bloom or powder on the stone's surface, flaking and exfoliation.
Acid-charged moisture can cause even more severe damage to limestone surfaces. Over time, acid rain can break down the softer, more porous and chemically sensitive limestone veneers. Because limestone is less resistant to damage from oils, acids, alkali or other chemically charged liquids than marble, granite or other masonry, large sections may need to be replaced over time, especially if the original limestone was installed improperly.
If damage is so severe that the limestone must be replaced, the task can be problematic, especially if the limestone is carved or etched, and particularly in older structures where the old pattern may no longer be produced by the manufacturer. In other cases, the damaged area may be part of an intricate Art-Deco motif or is designed as part of a custom theme created by the architect. Fortunately for restorers, these designs can be copied perfectly and reproduced on Indiana limestone veneer trim and replacement stonework, thanks to a variety of
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